How Mass, Gravity, and the Fundamental Forces Emerge from Supercoiling Spacetime – A Torsion-First Approach to Unifying Physics:

1. Introduction: The Unfinished Business of Modern Physics

Physics has long sought a “Theory of Everything”, a single framework that unites all fundamental forces and explains the nature of reality at all scales. Today, two dominant theories govern physics:

• General Relativity (GR), which describes gravity and large-scale cosmic phenomena.
• Quantum Mechanics (QM) and the Standard Model, which explain electromagnetism, nuclear forces, and subatomic particles.

Each theory is extremely successful in its own domain. However, they do not work together. When gravity is applied to quantum scales, the mathematics breaks down, and when quantum effects are considered in curved spacetime, the equations diverge. This failure to reconcile gravity with quantum physics is why physics remains incomplete.

1.1 The Missing Pieces in Modern Physics

The current approach leaves several fundamental questions unanswered:

1. What is mass? Physics assumes mass is fundamental but does not explain why it exists.
2. What causes gravity? GR tells us mass curves spacetime, but it does not explain why mass creates curvature.
3. Why do fundamental particles have spin? Quantum physics assigns particles a property called spin, but there is no deeper explanation for its origin.
4. Why is there no unified theory? The Standard Model describes three forces (electromagnetism, strong, and weak), but gravity remains separate.
5. Why do string theorists propose extra dimensions? String theory claims we need 10 or 11 dimensions to describe fundamental particles, but these dimensions are compactified in ways we cannot directly observe.

This is where a torsion-first approach comes in. Instead of assuming mass and gravity as independent phenomena, we redefine them as emergent properties of torsion and supercoiling—fundamental principles of spacetime itself.

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2. The Torsion-First Approach: A New Foundation for Physics

2.1 What is Torsion?

Torsion describes twisting and rotation within spacetime. While GR describes spacetime as a smooth fabric that bends around mass, it completely ignores twisting. However, many natural systems—DNA, magnetic fields, tornadoes, galaxies—demonstrate coiling, twisting, and supercoiling as fundamental behaviours. If spacetime is dynamic, it should also have these properties.

A torsion-first approach states that mass, spin, and gravity all emerge from the twisting of spacetime itself.

2.2 How Does Torsion Generate Mass?

In current physics, mass is an assumed property of particles. In this theory:

• Mass is not fundamental—it arises from trapped torsion.
• When an open system under torsion has its ends joined, the torsion becomes trapped within the system.
• These loops undergo supercoiling—an intrinsic behaviour where twisted structures coil further to minimize energy.
• The density of trapped torsion determines mass.

This means mass is nothing more than stored torsional energy. The more tightly a system coils, the more mass it has. This also explains why energy and mass are interchangeable (E=mc²)—because mass is just a form of energy stored within spacetime itself.

2.3 How Does Torsion Create Gravity?

Gravity is usually described as mass bending spacetime. However, in a torsion-first approach:

• Instead of mass bending spacetime, torsion creates supercoiling effects, and the resulting geometry produces gravitational acceleration.
• Imagine a rubber sheet that is not only stretched but twisted into a vortex—objects fall toward the twisted regions, just as planets follow curved spacetime.
• The more torsion stored, the stronger the gravitational field.

This means gravity is not a fundamental force—it is simply a geometric consequence of spacetime supercoiling.

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3. How Torsion Explains the Fundamental Forces

With mass and gravity emerging from torsion, what about the other three fundamental forces?

3.1 Electromagnetism

• We know that electric and magnetic fields form twisting loops (Maxwell’s equations show that changing electric fields create circular magnetic fields).
• If torsion is fundamental, then electromagnetic fields arise from spacetime twisting on a different scale.
• This means light, electricity, and magnetism are simply high-frequency torsional oscillations within spacetime.

3.2 The Strong Force (Holds Nuclei Together)

• The strong force keeps atomic nuclei from flying apart.
• It behaves exactly like a supercoiling structure—quarks inside protons and neutrons are confined by a force that gets stronger as they try to separate.
• If spacetime itself is a network of torsional supercoils, then the strong force is simply the tightest, shortest-scale coiling of spacetime.

3.3 The Weak Force (Responsible for Radioactive Decay)

• The weak force allows particles to change type (e.g., neutrons turning into protons).
• This resembles torsion breaking apart—where supercoiled structures unravel into different states.
• In this view, the weak force is simply torsion restructuring itself at quantum scales.

By unifying these forces as different expressions of spacetime torsion, we no longer need to assume four separate forces—they are just different behaviors of the same underlying structure.

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4. The 3+1 Dimensional Universe: Why Extra Dimensions Are an Illusion

String theory proposes extra dimensions because it needs more degrees of freedom to describe particle behavior. However, if we rethink what extra dimensions actually represent, we realize they are not separate spaces but simply torsional states.

4.1 Why Does String Theory Need Extra Dimensions?

• In string theory, strings vibrate in different ways to produce different particles.
• The equations require 10 or 11 dimensions for the strings to behave consistently.
• But these dimensions are “compactified”—rolled up so small that we never observe them.

4.2 How Does Torsion Replace Extra Dimensions?

• Instead of actual extra spatial dimensions, torsion naturally provides additional degrees of freedom.
• Torsion and supercoiling give structures more ways to twist and wrap around themselves, behaving like extra dimensions.
• Instead of needing extra spatial dimensions, the complexity of supercoiling in 3D space fully accounts for the “missing” degrees of freedom.

This means the universe is truly 3+1 dimensional (three spatial dimensions + time), and what physicists interpret as “extra dimensions” are simply hidden torsional states.

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5. The Torsion-First Universe: A New Framework for Physics

By rethinking physics from a torsion-first perspective, we resolve the major issues that have prevented unification:

Problem	Current Physics	Torsion-First Approach
Mass	Fundamental assumption	Emergent from torsion density
Gravity	Spacetime curvature	Supercoiling and torsional fields
Intrinsic Spin	Unexplained quantum property	Natural consequence of Geometry in a system
Electromagnetism	Separate force	High-frequency torsional waves
Strong Force	Separate force	Tightly wound supercoiling
Weak Force	Separate force	Torsion breaking apart
Extra Dimensions	Required in string theory	Torsional degrees of freedom in 3D

5.1 The Key Insight: Everything Emerges from Torsion

• Mass is stored torsion.
• Gravity is spacetime supercoiling.
• Forces are just torsional behaviours at different scales.
• Extra dimensions are an illusion—they are just coiling patterns in 3D.

This theory not only unifies physics, but it does so without requiring extra dimensions, dark matter, or arbitrary force assumptions.

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6. Conclusion: A Torsion-Based Theory of Everything

By redefining physics around torsion and supercoiling, we reveal that:

• Mass, gravity, and forces are all emergent from a single fundamental principle.
• The universe is truly 3+1 dimensional, with “extra dimensions” being just hidden torsional degrees of freedom.
• Physics naturally unifies itself when we replace force-based assumptions with geometry-driven torsion principles.

This revolutionary shift could finally lead to a unified theory of physics—one where everything in the universe is woven from a single, fundamental thread: the twisting of spacetime itself.